Fariba Monazami Tabar; Rasool Kord noghabi; khosro rashid; abolghasem yaghoobi
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to construct and validate the wisdom test based on Iranian components. Method: In this research, a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method of exploration plan was used. In the first stage (qualitative), a semi-structured interview was carried out with 20 faculty ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this research was to construct and validate the wisdom test based on Iranian components. Method: In this research, a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method of exploration plan was used. In the first stage (qualitative), a semi-structured interview was carried out with 20 faculty members of Hamadan University of the Humanities (a qualitative research method of phenomenological type). Sampling method was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. The content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data. In the second stage (quantitative), based on the coding and compilation of the content of the information obtained from the interviews, a questionnaire of 40 questions was formulated. Then, based on multi-stage cluster sampling, 400 people (281 women and 119 men) participated in the study. At this stage, a confirmatory factor analysis method was used to analyze the data (Bartlett and KMO tests and gravel charts). In order to investigate the validity of construct wisdom test, the internal correlation coefficient of the questionnaire and the correlation coefficient of this test with the Ardelt test, were used for content validity of the crest test using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and two-way semi-test and for the reliability of the test, test-retest method was used. Results: The results of content analysis in the first stage (qualitative) showed that wisdom has four components: 1- cognitive component 2- emotional component 3- component of "flexibility and openness to experience" 4- component "Self-transcendence / targeting and searching for meaning." Also, the results of factor analysis (stage II) showed four factors; the first factor (including questions 2-3-4-5-6-8-10-14-15-20-21-32-40) entitled " Emotional dimension ", the second factor (including questions 1-7-9-12-13-16-17-19-22-23-24-25-29-30) entitled" Cognitive dimension ", the third factor (including questions 26 -27-28-35-36-38) as "Dimensional Flexibility" and the fourth factor (including questions 11-18-31-33-34-37-39) entitled "After Self-Processing".
Abstract
The aim of this study was the validation of 3 wisdom scales consist of Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory and Fundamental Values Scale. In this cross-sectional study, 899 person (585 females and 314 males) high school and college students were selected by ...
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The aim of this study was the validation of 3 wisdom scales consist of Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory and Fundamental Values Scale. In this cross-sectional study, 899 person (585 females and 314 males) high school and college students were selected by multistage cluster sampling and adults were chosen by available Sampling. The Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability of each scale. Construct validity, Convergent validity and Divergent validity were used to calculate the validity of each scale. Cronbach's alpha for each scale was in the acceptable range (α from 0.565 to 0.899). Construct validity was examined by factor analysis and principal component (PCA), Factor analysis of Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale confirmed the 4-factor solution, as name Self-approved, reflective, cognitive and affective,they Respectively explained 15.61&6.77 & 4.72 and 4.28 percent of the total variance. Factor analysis of Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory confirmed the presence of 2 factors, Cosmic and Equanimity they Respectively explained 27.64 and 10.18 percent of the total variance. Factor analysis of Fundamental Values Scale confirmed the presence of 3 factors, first dimension is Spirituality, harmony and intelligence, twice is Sense of humor and third is Warmth they Respectively explained 32.04 and 6.45 and 5.95 percent of the total variance. For convergent validity of wisdom scales, two indicators of age and purpose in life were used. The correlation between Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory and Fundamental Values Scale with age and purpose in life Respectively is (0.127 & .0425), (0.169 &0.518 ) and (0.292 & 0.091) This results showed that all three scales of wisdom have acceptable convergent validity. For Divergent validity of wisdom scales, alienation was used as an indicator. The correlation between Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory and Fundamental Values Scale with alienation Respectively is -0.309 and -0.344 and -0.238.
